tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-76522532024-03-13T01:04:59.239-04:00Sathya Srinivasan's BlogExperiences. Thoughts. Ideas.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01679861777256468622noreply@blogger.comBlogger92125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7652253.post-73321908387873211782017-01-30T10:59:00.000-05:002017-01-30T10:59:08.706-05:00Frameworks, Libraries, Services, Platforms<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #3d3d3d; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; orphans: 2; padding: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
A recent conversation happened in my workplace about how one defines a framework. More often than not, software developers and architects tend to call their code as "frameworks" if it is reused (or in many cases, they they can potentially be reused without any proof) across multiple applications.</div>
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A quick search through Stack Overflow provided an explanation I thought was helpful.</div>
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<span style="background: white; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">When writing code:</span></div>
<ul style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #3d3d3d; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; orphans: 2; padding: 0px 0px 0px 30px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<li style="border: 0px; display: list-item; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: inherit; margin: 0.5ex 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: white; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">eventually you discover sections of code that you're repeating in your program, so you refactor those into<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="background: white; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Functions/Methods</span><span style="background: white; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.</span></span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; display: list-item; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: inherit; margin: 0.5ex 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: white; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">eventually, after having written a few programs, you find yourself copying functions you already made into new programs. To save yourself time you bundle those functions into<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="background: white; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Libraries</span><span style="background: white; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.</span></span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; display: list-item; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: inherit; margin: 0.5ex 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: white; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">eventually you find yourself creating the same kind of user interfaces every time you make use of certain libraries. So you refactor your work and create a<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="background: white; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Toolkit</span><span style="background: white; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> that allows you to create your UIs more easily from generic method calls.</span></span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; display: list-item; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: inherit; margin: 0.5ex 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: white; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">eventually, you've written so many apps that use the same tool kits and libraries that you create a<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="background: white; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Framework</span><span style="background: white; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>that has a generic version of this boilerplate code already provided so all you need to do is design the look of the UI and handle the events that result from user interaction.</span></span></li>
</ul>
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<cite style="border: 0px; color: #595959; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9pt; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">From <a class="jive-link-external-small" href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3057526/framework-vs-toolkit-vs-library" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #a32020; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px calc(12px + 0.35ex) 0px 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3057526/framework-vs-toolkit-vs-library</a></cite></div>
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Another reference puts this in a visual context:</div>
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" 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<a class="jive-link-external-small" href="https://pwc-spark.com/external-link.jspa?url=http%3A%2F%2Ftom.lokhorst.eu%2F2010%2F09%2Fwhy-libraries-are-better-than-frameworks" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #a32020; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px calc(12px + 0.35ex) 0px 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">http://tom.lokhorst.eu/2010/09/why-libraries-are-better-than-frameworks</a></div>
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Additional thoughts</h2>
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One interesting point made in the second post is that a telling (but not necessarily the only) characteristic of a framework is that it has Inversion of Control (it calls the app than the other way around). Frameworks tend to do a lot of the 'plumbing' work that is necessary for a software application while the developer needs to focus only on extending or leveraging the work at the right places (knowing where to put the faucets, in the plumbing analogy).</div>
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What is probably missing in this picture is the notion of a "service", but in this context, it can simply be taken as a more abstract form of a "library", as it possesses the same characteristics. If a use of a library spans across multiple platforms and technologies, it can potentially be abstracted further as a service.</div>
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The description below also nicely conforms to the "three-box principle" that I learned a long time back, which states that you cannot get to libraries / tool kits / frameworks without having done or at least thought through multiple (at least three) implementations.</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01679861777256468622noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7652253.post-3874601885035637702017-01-24T21:26:00.000-05:002017-01-24T21:26:48.929-05:00"Three Buttons" of Information Management<br />
<div style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; margin: 0in;">
Recently, I came
across this talk through my LinkedIn. The talk was given at the Adobe Symposium
(2016) by <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/joneslukose" target="_blank">Mr. Jones Lukose, a Senior Information Management Officer at theInternational Criminal Court of Justice</a> at Hague. My comments are below the
video so as to minimize any bias before you get a chance to view it first. I do
request that you view the video first before reading further so as to get the
appropriate context.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/XO-UGlAcd5Q/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/XO-UGlAcd5Q?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe> </div>
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<div style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; margin: 0in;">
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XO-UGlAcd5Q">Keynote Jones Lukose ICC -
Adobe Symposium in Amsterdam 2016</a></div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<h3 style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Observations:</span></h3>
<div style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; margin: 0in;">
The talk, to me, is
a great example of how powerful a good story can be in engaging audience and
making the message 'sticky'. When the talk started, you can see the audience
generally restless or bored - likely due sitting through various sessions. Even
a couple of ice breakers that the presenter made seemed to only provide some
awkward silence. But then, the moment he says "I want to tell you the
story of three buttons", the mood suddenly seems to change. It is not a
boring lecture anymore, but a 'story'! You can see the audience suddenly paying
attention to the video and get fully engrossed subsequently. The thick accent
the presenter has doesn't seem to bother anyone - because the story was so
compelling and engaging. </div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; margin: 0in;">
The crux of the
presentation itself was simple, but to the point. A good Information Management
system should have three things at its core:</div>
<ol style="direction: ltr; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .375in; margin-top: 0in; unicode-bidi: embed;" type="1">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; vertical-align: middle;" value="1"><span style="font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11.0pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">It should preserve
information</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11.0pt;">It should provide value
around the information that is managed</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11.0pt;">It should facilitate
orchestration around the information</span></li>
</ol>
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<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; margin: 0in;">
I felt the choice of
words was important because it goes beyond simply boiling it down to
"storage", "insights", and "collaboration", as
typical marketing jargon is prone to do. Each goal goes much beyond these
catchphrases and more importantly, are from the perspective of the end user - a
critical component that is often missed in ECM implementations.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; margin: 0in;">
I noted down the
following takeaways from the presentation. Obvious as they may be in hindsight,
they are most often ignored in the heat of getting a project completed:</div>
<ol style="direction: ltr; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .375in; margin-top: 0in; unicode-bidi: embed;" type="1">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; vertical-align: middle;" value="1"><span style="font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11.0pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold;">Listen
carefully to your end users:</span><span style="font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11.0pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> We often tend to have preconceived notion about what
the customer wants or can have, driven by either corporate policies,
vision, technical limitations, or what have you. But at the end of the
day, if the system does not do what the end users want (may not be your
direct customers), it will not get adopted. ECM solutions often suffer
from this malady. We tend to look at various features without getting
appropriate insight into the context in which those features are used to
fully appreciate their usefulness. As a result, a solution gets deployed
that is not aligned with the user's flow. </span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: bold;">Develop
guiding principles to achieve scale:</span><span style="font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11.0pt;"> Scalability is not achieved on the first day. It is
achieved over time. However, in order to support scalability it is more
important to establish a set of guiding principles that will govern the
architecture than to anticipate and devise and architecture that will
potentially be scalable from the start. The guiding principle that the
presenter created - "every feature should build trust" - is a
great example. It is broad enough to be applicable across various
scenarios, while being specific enough to be able to test the outcome, and
pithy enough to be a principle.</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: bold;">Pause:</span><span style="font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11.0pt;"> Whether it was natural or
intentional, the presenter paused throughout his speech on various
occasions, especially during exciting points in his narrative that
provided a cliffhanging feeling. We often are so compelled to get our
message across that we forget to pause and give a moment for the listener
to ingest. A pause builds expectation, excitement, and oxymoronically,
momentum. </span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: bold;">A good story
is more powerful than a great message:</span><span style="font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11.0pt;"> If the presenter had gotten on the podium and
started talking about the three critical features of an Information
Management system, it would've been a snooze fest. Instead, he wrapped the
message into a story and pulled the audience along for the ride. When he
narrated the story, we were walking in the corridors of ICC with him. WE
could visualize the judge sitting motionless in front of a monitor that
was all wrapped up. WE were engaged and ready to listen to whatever he
would say next. This made the story sticky. </span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: bold;">Keep it
concise:</span><span style="font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11.0pt;"> The 30
minute presentation was just about the three bullet points mentioned
earlier. Nothing more. This gave enough room to build a story around the
message. We often tend to cram the time we get with a number of messages
that we try to convey that it becomes an information overload for the
audience. At the end, none of the messages end up registering in their
memory. It is far better to let them remember a few things than attempt
many and leave with none.</span></li>
</ol>
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<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; margin: 0in;">
I hope you enjoyed
the talk as much as I did.</div>
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<br /></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01679861777256468622noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7652253.post-23101932030040016282013-12-28T22:46:00.001-05:002013-12-29T08:33:58.082-05:00Mahabharata and Disney Lab RatsWithin Mahabharata - one of the greatest Sanskrit epics - there is a verse that describes the epic itself:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
"Whatever is here, is found elsewhere. But what is not here, is nowhere else."</blockquote>
While surfing through channels I came upon the Disney program <b>Lab Rats</b> - Episode "Bionic Showdown" (per Wikipedia). The key premise of the story is about a billionaire who has three bionic kids - one with intellect, one with strength, and one with agility/speed - and a regular kid who is the traditional "good-at-heart but full-of-pranks" Disney staple. In this episode there is an extra bionic - who is later revealed to have the combined skills of all three - built by the billionaire's evil brother and is used to try to destroy the other bionics.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://larryavisbrown.homestead.com/files/pandavas.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="227" src="http://larryavisbrown.homestead.com/files/pandavas.jpg" width="320" /></a><a href="https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTgOQJJ4lU40kdmUPcnYgLy_fRT48TzVPMTDICSCpm5RUV3TIq3MA" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTgOQJJ4lU40kdmUPcnYgLy_fRT48TzVPMTDICSCpm5RUV3TIq3MA" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
As the plot unraveled, I realized the strong similarities with the good old Mahabharata. Here are the key ones just based on this episode:<br />
<ol>
<li>The three bionics are similar to Yudhishtra (intellect), Bhima (strength), and Arjuna (speed/agility)</li>
<li>The billionaire and brother are akin to Pandava and Dritharashtra (good and evil fathers) - technically the evil brother can be compared to Duryodhana instead of Dritharashtra, but we will set that aside for now.</li>
<li>The android is equivalent to Karna - having strength of all the good bionics combined, but sides with evil</li>
<li>As a bit of a stretch, the goofy kid can be compared to Krishna - he doesn't fight by himself but assists/helps/boosts morale of the bionics and is there at the pivotal moment to turn things around </li>
</ol>
Now, I am not necessarily suggesting that the writers based the characters off of Mahabharata or were 'inspired' by it - I don't even know if they know that an epic called Mahabharata exists. I am also aware that it is easy to draw similarities in hindsight where none exist - like a Nostradamus 'prediction' of things that happened in the past.<br />
<br />
However, what I do want to bring attention to is the notion that a seemingly unrelated story still seems to have strong similarities to aspect of Mahabharata - keeping true the quote at the beginning.<br />
<br />
What also interests me is the possibilities that can arise if we were to do it the other way around. One of the most common complaints against the new readers of Mahabharata, or any other Sanskrit literature for that matter - is about how dated the situation, text, plot, and characters are. New generation of kids don't relate to names like "Yudhishtra" or "Yajnavalkya" or "Nachiketas", even though each name has been carefully crafted to provide insight in many cases to the character itself. Nor do kids relate to the story of kings of bygone era talking about caste and arrows and chariots (even though they interestingly don't have issues with similar concepts around Disney characters). Nor do kids relate to the complex moralities embedded within each story.<br />
<br />
Imagine that if instead of finding similarities from a Disney story back to Mahabharata and then vainly posting in Facebook about the greatness of Mahabharata, this can be made more constructive. What if one is more proactive instead and read the epic carefully and then translate it to the modern world in a way that relates to kids without losing the story or the plot? If a minute component of Mahabharata can lead to a successful multi-season episode in Disney, imagine the number of episodes that can be created from all of Mahabharata! Truly, it will be endless.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01679861777256468622noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7652253.post-88659801351265253602013-05-06T16:38:00.001-04:002013-05-07T14:13:54.351-04:00The Genius of U.Srinivas-Rajesh and the Stupidity of the Indian EliteYesterday, I had the pleasure of attending a Mandolin concert by maestros U. Srinivas and U. Rajesh. It was three and a half hours of sheer bliss with the brothers belting one soulful rendition after another of various classical Carnatic compositions.<br />
<br />
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<a href="https://fbcdn-sphotos-c-a.akamaihd.net/hphotos-ak-frc1/295673_487999164582996_1273548906_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://fbcdn-sphotos-c-a.akamaihd.net/hphotos-ak-frc1/295673_487999164582996_1273548906_n.jpg" width="247" /></a></div>
Of course, even bliss has its moments of despair and this was no exception. The concert was marred by periodic interruptions by enthusiastic listeners who wanted the brothers to play their favorite song.<br />
<br />
I have been to a few concerts in USA and this is a recurring event. The concert begins and the organizers provide some ground rules only to be flouted within 30-45 minutes into the show. Given the nature of the concert and where it is being played, it is reasonable to assume that most, if not all, attendees were well educated, poised, and professional - at least till they get into the concert hall. Then all hell breaks loose.<br />
<br />
The concert started with a beautiful rendition of a song in Kamas, followed by "Mahaganapathim" set to Gowla (something I haven't heard before). Then the maestros kicked it into high gear by rendering a song in a raga I had never heard of (hope to remember soon). It was a mesmerizing experience. Then came trouble.<br />
<br />
As soon as the song got over, an 8-year old kid came with a small chit - probably a printout of the concert ticket. His parent (or grandparent) wanted the musicians to play "Nagumomu" - a popular Carnatic composition by Saint Thyagaraja. The U brothers - probably too nice for their own good, and mos likely not realizing the gravity of what was to come - accepted the requested and duly played the composition beautifully and got claps all around.<br />
<br />
From then on, the break between every other song gave way to a 6-year old, a 10-year old, the 8-year old again - this time with a bigger piece of paper - and finally off with a 1-year old who had just learned to walk - all asking for one song or the other.<br />
<br />
It was like watching Katrina Kaif suddenly popping up in the middle of a suspense thriller when the hero is about to unmask the villain and singing 'Sheela ki jawani' - it has no relevance to the theme, undermines the intelligence of the story writer, and all for satisfying the 'popular sentiment'.<br />
<br />
The height of the farce was the decent looking gentleman with an equally decent looking lady two rows in front of me jumping the row before him, running to the stage, and deftly vaulting up the stage to get to the now-stunned musician to give his request. I don't know if he was just being passionate or was trying to impress his lady - the result was an act of extreme stupidity.<br />
<br />
Unfortunately, the event organizers were too tame to control this jarring interruption to the event they had painfully put together. Having had the experience as an attendee of such events, I would like to propose to the organizers to announce the following before the start of the event AND after the second song (for the stragglers):<br />
<ol>
<li>Please do not 'request' musicians to play a song - by chit, by shouts, or by screams. </li>
<li>The musicians are intelligent and are quite capable of creating an agenda that will suit their audience.</li>
<li>The audience want to listen to the performer's playlist and not the 'personal playlist' of any attendee. If they are so inclined, they can buy and listen to a CD</li>
<li>Anyone who tries to get to the stage before the end of the show will be summarily removed from the venue - the person or the family if the offender is a child.</li>
<li>A camera flash is functional only up to 3 meters (10 yards) from the camera. If you don't know how to turn the flash off and are intent on blinding the eyes of the performers, RTFM before coming to the concert. </li>
<li>Limit your photography/videography to no more than 5 minutes an hour. Sure you want to keep some memories of the concert, but don't turn it into a bootlegging event. You know that you are not going to see this video you are going to take EVER again. Don't kid yourself.</li>
</ol>
To the organizers, please keep a 'bouncer' even if it is an old grandfather on both sides of the stage to prevent people from simply walking up to the musicians.<br />
<br />
Ideally, request the musicians and set aside 15 minutes at the end of the program to play 'thukkadas' of various popular songs to satisfy the passionate elite who resort to these tactics. Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01679861777256468622noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7652253.post-18125438710460260052013-02-22T09:56:00.001-05:002013-02-22T09:56:12.298-05:00Hindu philosophy explained with 3rd grade math
<br />
<div style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; margin: 0in;">
One of the chapters
that I remember reading in History class is the "Bhakti Movement"
between 8th and 12th centuries in India. During this time, India was at it is
peak of productivity in terms of religious exposition, philosophy, and
spirituality. The movement was made by three great saints, who in turn, founded
three interpretations of Hindu Philosophy - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advaita_vedanta" target="_blank">Advaita </a>(monism) propounded by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adi_Shankara" target="_blank">AdiSankara</a>,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vishishtadvaita" target="_blank">Vishishtadvaita </a>(qualified
monism) propounded by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramanuja" target="_blank">Ramanuja</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvaita" target="_blank">Dvaita </a>(dualism) propounded by
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madhwacharya" target="_blank">Madhwacharya</a>. </div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; margin: 0in;">
Though there are
numerous Gods depicted and worshipped within the umbrella of Hinduism,
fundamentally the Vedas (scriptures) emphasize that there is only one God and
he is the Creator (interestingly "theory of evolution" seems to be
weaved within the concept of a "Creator", as I mentioned in an
earlier post). With that as a given, various scholars since have tried to
understand the relationship between that one God and us humans by way of
interpreting the vedas and supplementary documents such as the upanishads
(appendix to vedas), ithihasas (epics), and puranas (mythologies). </div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; margin: 0in;">
Personally I feel
that this is the most distinct feature of Hinduism compared to most other
religions, where the focus is not just on how God wants humans to behave, but
more on what the relation between the two is. Rather than taking the "God
is the Creator" concept for granted, it tries to probe further - Who is
He? Is He the same as me? If not, how are He and I related? What makes Him a
Him and me a me?</div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; margin: 0in;">
In programmatic
terms, I would say that Hinduism focuses on the class hierarchy (sub-class,
super-class, abstract class) as well as interfaces (behavior of a class) while
others tend to elaborate only on the interfaces! You need to have a strong
foundation of your class hierarchy first before you can start extending the
behavior by means of interfaces. </div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; margin: 0in;">
While eminent
scholars over time have provided a number of interpretations what the vedas
describe as the relation between God and human, three are the most popular
enough to be in history text books. I have always held a simplistic
summarization of these three philosophies:</div>
<ul style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .375in; margin-top: 0in; unicode-bidi: embed;" type="disc">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;">Advaita says God is the same
as human (in other words, God lives in humans or when humans die they
merge back with God)</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;">Vishishtadvaita says humans
are not the same as God, but by devotion throughout life, they can
eventually become one with God after death (moksha)</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;">Dvaita says God and humans
are always distinct and never the 'twain shall meet. </span></li>
</ul>
<div style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; margin: 0in;">
This suited me well
for the last 20 years. However, there is really no pizzazz in this explanation.
It sounds, well, as dull as a history textbook! Recently, I received an email
forwarded to me by my dad that provided a much better, more fun, and a more profound
definition. This was by Sri. Chandrasekharendra Saraswati (fondly called
Periayaval - not to be confused with Periyar - or the Elder One), who I
personally consider to be the last "true" saint that India has seen,
and who himself was the head of an Advaita institution.</div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.manimantapam.org/PeriyavaJapam.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://www.manimantapam.org/PeriyavaJapam.jpeg" width="265" /></a></div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; margin: 0in;">
He had an inimitable
quality of explaining complex philosophies in a way that commoners can
understand. He was down-to-earth, unassuming, and most importantly focused
purely on spirituality without getting into politics - a quality that no one
else seems to have nowadays.</div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; margin: 0in;">
Here goes his
definition (interpretation from Tamil to English by me) of the three
philosophies in the form of 3rd grade Math!! </div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://kksongs.org/authors/list/images/adisankara.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://kksongs.org/authors/list/images/adisankara.jpg" width="231" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5t9XDVh-Nh1dgbq7sob5jaWV6uK03hDx59yVzIsaA-PyiqQDSjeLmdKhymtc1wSL8JFf62aNQyFHJDuG0NJfJPFMCYl7KoWahDQ-if5Nn_RXbD2En51GxwJi7ZAXeDWlVOJFKfw/s1600/Square.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5t9XDVh-Nh1dgbq7sob5jaWV6uK03hDx59yVzIsaA-PyiqQDSjeLmdKhymtc1wSL8JFf62aNQyFHJDuG0NJfJPFMCYl7KoWahDQ-if5Nn_RXbD2En51GxwJi7ZAXeDWlVOJFKfw/s1600/Square.png" /></a></div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; margin: 0in;">
According to
Advaita, the relationship between God and Human is like the relationship
between the side and perimeter of a square. Like how the perimeter of a square
is always four times the side, Advaita preaches that if you follow a proper
path, then you WILL reach God (or become one with God). There is no ambiguity
there.</div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Sri_Madhvacharya.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Sri_Madhvacharya.jpg" width="270" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnQWSJ1DhPpmT3XbjzuOZ7jsrxx_hUJv44MXw_CYszZ0teMG9XczDcfCptaOTmkSpI_Zwexago5h2dHdTZyN9kC6M8zW0rLr3b_02O0ZwPPiuK19QnHnXRlpFF3Hrolb1yc5ycVA/s1600/Circle.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnQWSJ1DhPpmT3XbjzuOZ7jsrxx_hUJv44MXw_CYszZ0teMG9XczDcfCptaOTmkSpI_Zwexago5h2dHdTZyN9kC6M8zW0rLr3b_02O0ZwPPiuK19QnHnXRlpFF3Hrolb1yc5ycVA/s1600/Circle.png" /></a></div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; margin: 0in;">
In case of Dvaita,
the relationship between God and Human is like the relationship between
diameter and circumference of a circle. Unlike a square. the circumference is
PI times the diameter. The issue here is that PI is an irrational number and
cannot be accurately defined. Likewise, Dvaita says that no matter how much
humans try to be close to God or be one with God, it will not happen and that
there will always be a difference, however minute. The diameter is a whole
number in itself and the circumference is another whole number by itself, but
the relationship between the two cannot be defined absolutely. With this
established, Dvaita philosophy then goes into the details of the inequality of
the relationship and defines the various intermediary stages between God and
Human (called 'tAratamya'). This can be roughly translated into the precision
of PI.</div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://etemples.net/ramanuja/images/ramanuja.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://etemples.net/ramanuja/images/ramanuja.jpg" width="236" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhorCQli8Wr2aoJMGhqKdSWVnRUHVnoJX93rrq2M9KQr0se5bo7JpoDJAnJ3smKeDXeeVIkjHIoPtiapm2paPlzFC6Em2CKeZD3lW_j6lifNYK9-XHnRMwJUOrmuSr5Wxv1L1V2g/s1600/Square-Circle.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhorCQli8Wr2aoJMGhqKdSWVnRUHVnoJX93rrq2M9KQr0se5bo7JpoDJAnJ3smKeDXeeVIkjHIoPtiapm2paPlzFC6Em2CKeZD3lW_j6lifNYK9-XHnRMwJUOrmuSr5Wxv1L1V2g/s1600/Square-Circle.png" /></a></div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; margin: 0in;">
Lastly,
Vishishtadvaita takes a midway (similar to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_mean_%28philosophy%29" target="_blank">Aristotle's Golden Mean</a>). It says
that the relationship is like a square being perceived as a circle. By default,
Humans perceive their relationship to God as that of a circle's diameter and
circumference - that the two can never be the same. As they gain enlightenment
by devotion, the confusion is resolved and the "square" nature of the
relationship is revealed at which point, the enlightened person becomes one
with God. The thought here is that humans can become egoistic if they believe
that they are God (Advaita) and can get disillusioned or depressed if they
believe that they can never reach God (Dwaita) and hence a middle path is
proposed. </div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; margin: 0in;">
The analogy here is
that each individual has a distinct identity by default, but when they get into
a train, they all become "passengers" for the conductor, thereby
losing their individual identity and becoming a part of a bigger entity.</div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; margin: 0in;">
A simple, but
powerful explanation! What I love even more about this is that he leaves enough
room for the three schools of thought to claim superiority over others - an
apolitical person but with a perfect political speech! </div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01679861777256468622noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7652253.post-84307814578342279022013-01-07T16:13:00.000-05:002013-01-07T16:13:12.195-05:00Origin of Creative PropheciesOK. I'll admit it - I check <a href="http://www.blogger.com//www.dailymail.co.uk" target="_blank">Daily Mail </a>once a day. I blame my wife for hooking me to the site - it's mostly useless drivel but a good way to pass time in the train or when I am bored - although I am getting increasingly tired of repetitive news.<br />
<br />
A few days back among a bunch of Kim Kardashian news articles, there was an interesting article about Srinivasa Ramanujan - the mathematical genius. Apparently <a href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2254352/Deathbed-dream-puzzles-renowned-Indian-mathematician-Srinivasa-finally-solved--100-years-died.html" target="_blank">Ramanujan, in his deathbed</a>, wrote a bunch of formulas and sent them to his mentor G. H. Hardy saying that they were important and were revealed to him by Goddess Namagiri, who he worshiped and believed to be his source of genius. A century and change later, it has apparently been found that those formulas that were cryptic at that time, could now hold the key to understanding portions of how black holes function. Interestingly, black holes were not even discovered during Ramanujan's time (1920s)!<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2012/12/28/article-2254352-16AD4CD3000005DC-203_306x423.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2012/12/28/article-2254352-16AD4CD3000005DC-203_306x423.jpg" width="231" /></a></div>
<br />
In many of the news sites, the comments are sometimes more interesting than the article. Most of it is irrelevant trolling, but it also gives some window into the general public's psyche.<br />
<br />
Not surprisingly, there were many comments initially dismissing Ramanujan's notion that the formulas were revealed to him by the Goddess. Alternate explanations were Autism, Asperger's Syndrome, etc. - anything other than spiritual intervention.<br />
<br />
Now, if you haven't read the famous biography of Ramaujan - "The man who knew Infinity", I strongly urge you to do so - it's a fascinating read.<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0671750615/ref=as_li_ss_il?ie=UTF8&tag=sathswebs-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0671750615"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://ws.assoc-amazon.com/widgets/q?_encoding=UTF8&Format=_SL160_&ASIN=0671750615&MarketPlace=US&ID=AsinImage&WS=1&tag=sathswebs-20&ServiceVersion=20070822" width="257" /></a><img alt="" border="0" height="1" src="http://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=sathswebs-20&l=as2&o=1&a=0671750615" style="border: none !important; margin: 0px !important;" width="1" /> </div>
<br />
In the biography, the author reaffirms Ramanujan's spiritual beliefs and some insight into how his 'genius' originated. The comments reminded me of a notion by <a href="http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/eng/elizabeth_gilbert_on_genius.html" target="_blank">Elizabeth Gilbert</a> that I had mentioned in my earlier post "<a href="http://cssathya.blogspot.com/2010/08/will-we-ever-be-alone-with-our-thoughts.html" target="_blank">Will we ever be alone with our thoughts again</a>". In her talk, she mentions the notion of ideas passing through as waves and that inspiration is essentially who happens to be at the right time and right place to catch the wave.<br />
<br />
Maybe in Ramanujan's case, he happened to catch the 'wave' that contained the mock theta functions. Maybe what differentiates genius and mediocrity is the level of luck - geniuses are more lucky and tend to catch more waves, while others are not so much! Then the question becomes "who creates the wave in the first place?" and that's a nice little space for the spiritualists to play in!<br />
<br />
Of course, the alternate explanation is also rooted in chance or probability - may be Ramanujan's brain happened to wire itself in such a way as to figure out the formulas. Spiritualists can argue that the wiring was done by the Goddess and atheists can argue that it was mere probability and that he happened to luck out.<br />
<br />
So, we can go either way - believe that it is all probability - a quantum fluctuation if you will - and that nothing has anything to do with God, or we can believe that there is a 'hidden hand' that creates waves or rewires brains to surface 'genius' every once in a while. Whichever may be the truth, I think the latter assumption is worth pursuing because a) if it is pure probability, it doesn't make a difference what you believe in and b) if there is a hidden hand, maybe the belief will make you more tuned to catching the waves than others who may not realize it passing through! Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01679861777256468622noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7652253.post-21998841896477291992013-01-05T12:45:00.000-05:002013-01-07T14:57:16.131-05:00Honorable Plagiarism<b>"Don't plagiarize"</b> - this message is drilled into every student in school and college. With abundance of information and increasingly easier and smarter ways of finding that information and match it to your needs, it is becoming more and more difficult to adhere to this even as teachers are doing their best to use smarter software to detect plagiarism.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://awesomelyluvvie.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/plagiarism-cartoon-1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://awesomelyluvvie.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/plagiarism-cartoon-1.png" width="382" /></a></div>
<br />
However, everyone 'copies' - be it a Bollywood music lifted (or as the artists say - 'inspired') from earlier works or even major innovations like the one witnessed via the Apple vs. Samsung battle. So, with copying of intellectual information happening all around us, the line is getting blurrier on what is considered plagiarism and what would be an acceptable 'inspiration'.<br />
<br />
Working in the Content Management space, this particular issue crosses work and life for me, as part of an effective content management solution is in securing intellectual property so that only right content is available to the right person at the right time. In addition, the issue of "plagiarism" becomes all the more confusing (and critical) in the IT consulting space where we are generally compared to 'bees pollinating flowers'. We move across companies, working at different projects. While there are well-defined guidelines in terms of what we can and cannot take from an organization once the project is completed, putting a restriction on what the consultant internalizes and potentially uses that as an inspiration in another project becomes more murky, unless we have a Men In Black style pen that would erase memory when leaving a project!<br />
<br />
My general take is that we are a sum of our influences and our environment. So every action we perform (book we read, music we hear, person we listen to, etc.) will inevitably tend to have its mark something that we may create down the road. So, the best we can do is to ensure that we use the essence of an idea infused with our own thoughts rather than make a copy of something that exists and worse, without attributing it to where it came from.<br />
<br />
With that said, I was pleasantly surprised when I read my recent book - "<a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0761169253/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=sathswebs-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0761169253" target="_blank">Steal Like an artist by Austin McKleon</a>".<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0761169253/ref=as_li_ss_il?ie=UTF8&tag=sathswebs-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0761169253"><img border="0" src="http://ws.assoc-amazon.com/widgets/q?_encoding=UTF8&Format=_SL110_&ASIN=0761169253&MarketPlace=US&ID=AsinImage&WS=1&tag=sathswebs-20&ServiceVersion=20070822" /></a><img alt="" border="0" height="1" src="http://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=sathswebs-20&l=as2&o=1&a=0761169253" style="border: none !important; margin: 0px !important;" width="1" />
<br />
<br />
The premise of the book is that there is nothing new to create - everything has been created already. So, all we can do is to read and experience and get influenced by many things and then come up with our own "remix" or "interpretation". This especially resonated with me, as I recalled a verse in Mahabharatha:<br />
<br />
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 0px; font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">yad iha asti tad sarvatra yad na iha asti na tat kvacit</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 0px; font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> |</span><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 0px; font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">imaM samasta-vij~jAna-shAstra-<wbr></wbr>koshaM vidur-budhAH</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 0px; font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> || (thanks <a href="http://vagartham.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">Vasu</a>)</span></div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
"Whatever is here is mentioned everywhere else, and whatever is not here cannot be anywhere else.<br />
This, the wise consider to be the complete collection of science and scriptures."<br />
<br />
The book itself seems to be part motivational and part pragmatic, but the author does a pretty good job of balancing the two and not making it sound too preachy or 'self-help-y'. While most of the content is one that you may already have known (evidenced by the many "that's what I'm talking about" moments I had while reading), I think it's still worth a read as he puts them together nicely, supplemented by a number of quotes from famous thinkers/artists/philosophers.<br />
<br />
It's a pretty small book (I read the whole thing in two to three hours) and fairly inexpensive and lends itself to giving it away to others easily.<br />
<br />
So, at the end, what is the difference between plagiarism and inspiration? I will quote the book in this regard.<br />
<br />
<table style="height: 161px; width: 600px;">
<tbody>
<tr><th align="left">Good Theft</th><th align="left">Bad Theft</th></tr>
<tr><td>Honor</td><td>Degrade</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Study</td><td>Skim</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Steal from many</td><td>Steal from one</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Credit</td><td>Plagiarize</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Transform</td><td>Imitate</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Remix</td><td>Rip off</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Plagiarism transforms to inspiration if you - "reference many places; go deep into links; understand the concepts; summarize in your own words; cite your sources; augment with examples from your experience."Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01679861777256468622noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7652253.post-64293106634661895842013-01-01T23:05:00.001-05:002013-01-01T23:05:54.094-05:00Duty, Reward, and PerformanceI grew up watching the long running Mahabharatha by B.R.Chopra in Doordarshan. One of (if not, THE) great epics of all time, Mahabharatha was fun to watch, especially with bows and arrows with cheesy special effects almost always guaranteed in each episode.<br />
<br />
As a kid, this was a good Sunday show with fight sequences and fancy costumes. The story is so captivating that the language barrier (I had even little knowledge of Hindi back then) was not an issue. Of course, I never really understood the philosophy or the moral behind the stories, and I can fairly bet that no one else cared much either.<br />
<br />
However, thanks to the magic of TV repetition, some verses - especially the ones in Bhagavad Gita, which is a subset of the epic - were stuck in my head. One of them has stuck with me longer than others.<br />
<br />
कर्मन्येवाधिकारस्ते मा फलेषु कदाचन ।<br />
मा कर्मफलहेतुर्भुर मा ते सनगोस्त्वकर्मनि ।।<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: trebuchet ms, sans-serif;">karmaNi eva adhikAraH te mA phaleShu kadAcana |<br />mA karma phala hetuH bhU mA te sanghaH astu akarmaNi | </span><br />
<span style="font-family: trebuchet ms, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: trebuchet ms, sans-serif;">This is an often quoted verse typically to describe the essence of Karma Yoga (the work-oriented way of life - roughly) - like the pithy one-liner in most ads (or a jingle that you can't get out of your head). As in most cases, it has been further condensed into a "do your duty, don't expect results" format.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: trebuchet ms, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: trebuchet ms, sans-serif;">Over the years, I have come to understand and appreciate the depth in this simple statement. The verse itself translates as follows (thanks to my <a href="http://vagartham.blogspot.com/">brother who teaches Sanskrit</a>)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: trebuchet ms, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: trebuchet ms, sans-serif;">"You are entitled to perform actions but never to its results. The results should not be the motivation for your actions".</span><br />
<span style="font-family: trebuchet ms, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: trebuchet ms, sans-serif;">The subsequent verse continues to expand on this to say "When you are detached from the results and follow a righteous path (yoga) you will be equipoised regardless of success or failure".</span><br />
<span style="font-family: trebuchet ms, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: trebuchet ms, sans-serif;">There are similar statements out there such as Alexander Pope's "Blessed is a man who does not have expectations, for he shall never be disappointed". However, I believe there is more to it than just that. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: trebuchet ms, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: trebuchet ms, sans-serif;">My personal interpretation is "to do the work that you have undertaken without expecting its benefits" - be it expecting a promotion at the end of the year, kudos from friends, family, or colleagues for a job well-done, or even criticisms that may arise if the job well performed did not end as planned. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: trebuchet ms, sans-serif;">When I have tried to explain this to those who bothered to ask, I've received either skepticism ("You would be stupid not to ask for a promotion - you have to fight for it - that's how it works") or tangential statements ("does it mean you shouldn't have any goals or ambitions in life that you work towards?"). </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: trebuchet ms, sans-serif;">I believe that neither are warranted. Yes, it is true that sometimes you have to fight for a promotion, but that doesn't mean you have to do your work to the fullest because you are expecting a promotion. The fight comes AFTER you've worked without expecting a promotion and during annual feedback you are simply stating your case as best as possible - without expecting a result. Similarly, a goal is different from result aka "aspiration" is not the same as "expectation". It's good to aspire for something, but what is important is not to expect that your aspirations are realized because you've worked towards it.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: trebuchet ms, sans-serif;">As a New Year dawns, I hope to continue to give my fullest to my work without expecting its rewards - hopefully it won't be as ephemeral as a New Year resolution! </span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01679861777256468622noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7652253.post-4501819572957985672012-03-28T18:44:00.001-04:002012-03-28T18:44:25.426-04:0030 Day ChallengeMany times, I have found that it is easy to come up with an idea, but a lot harder to put it in practice. Think about the New Year resolutions that have come and gone - we feel guilty, think of a bunch of things to do in the new year, and forget about it in the first or second week. According to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Year%27s_resolution">Wikipedia</a>, 52% are confident of keeping up their resolutions, but 80% fail.<br />
<br />
Obviously there is a disconnect between what we want to do and what we actually end up doing. So, why is there a disconnect? Why are we not able to keep up such commitments? I believe the issue is primarily that of scope - either we make the issue so broad that it is not actionable, and along related lines, we have the duration so long that we lose momentum quickly.<br />
<br />
For the first one, there are numerous ideas and concepts such as Getting Things Done model by David Allen that describes how to break down and organize your to-do items so that they can be acted upon.<br />
<br />
New Year resolutions fall more into the second category, where 1 year is just too long to keep track of and complete something. In many cases, it is so long that we don't even wait till 6 or 7 months - we give up in a couple of weeks in most cases. So, what can be done to make it stick?<br />
<br />
Recently, I came across this <a href="http://www.ted.com/talks/matt_cutts_try_something_new_for_30_days.html">video from TED</a>, where Matt Cutts talks about the 30-Day Challenge and I think it addresses both the roadblocks to commitment nicely.<br />
<br />
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<br />
What's nice about the 30-Day Challenge is that it is simple - you just pick ONE single topic and stick to it for 30 days. Picking a single topic makes it easy to remember and the 30-day is a reasonable time frame to make a reasonable attempt (Scrum methodology is based on 30-days sprints for example).<br />
<br />
I can think of a number of things - both work and personal - where I can apply this. Here are some examples I could think of:<br />
<ol>
<li>Take a picture each day</li>
<li>Listen to a song by a new singer or a new genre that you would otherwise not listen to (to me - listen to one new carnatic <i>raga </i>each day)</li>
<li>Write a blog entry each day (although this can go beyond 30 days and hence may not apply)</li>
<li>On the more technical side, review one code package each day</li>
<li>Complete a certification within 30 days</li>
</ol>
The list can go on in a variety of ways. In fact, here's a website where a bunch of people have posted different challenges already.<br />
<br />
http://30daychallenges.net/challenges<br />
<br />
You can also read about Matt's personal 30-day challenges in his blog to get some inspiration.<br />
<br />
http://www.mattcutts.com/blog/type/30-days/<br />
<br />
Something like this also lends itself nicely to an app - you can have a countdown/reminder for your challenge for the month for example.<br />
<br />
So, what are you waiting for? What's your 30-day challenge going to be? Give it a shot - I am going to and will update on this blog.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01679861777256468622noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7652253.post-2894237293378593792011-11-07T14:10:00.004-05:002012-01-02T18:09:11.355-05:00Coupling and Cohesion in Software and BusinessOne of the important topics in Object Oriented Programming that is often overlooked or not even considered is that of Coupling and Cohesion. A sound understanding of these concepts can make a huge difference in how you package functionality within your program and how flexible your program can become for enhancements.<br />
<br />
When performing source code review, keep coupling and cohesion in mind and ensure that the classes within a package all perform same or closely related activities (high cohesion) and that classes within different packages don't refer each other too much or at least in a well-defined manner (low coupling).<br />
<br />
<b>Definitions</b><br />
<b> </b><br />
<br />
<b>Coupling</b> is how inter-dependent two functional components are within your program. High coupling is bad, because if you change one function, you might end up affecting all the dependent functions as well.<br />
<br />
<b>
Cohesion </b>is how closely the parts within a function work together to make the function as one single, well-defined unit. High cohesion is good, since you can treat the whole function as a black box, thereby abstracting your system for better clarity.<br />
<br />
<b>Coupling Types</b><br />
<br />
<table border="1" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Type (worst to best)</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Content/Pathological Coupling</td>
<td>When a module uses/alters data in another</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Control Coupling</td>
<td>2 modules communicating with a control flag (first tells second what to do via flag)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Common/Global-data Coupling</td>
<td>2 modules communicating via global data</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Stamp/Data-structure Coupling</td>
<td>Communicating via a data structure passed as a parameter. The data structure holds more information than the recipient needs.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Data Coupling</td>
<td>Communicating via parameter passing. The parameters passed are only those that the recipient needs. No data coupling : independent modules.</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<b>Cohesion Types</b><br />
<br />
<table border="1" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Type (worst to best)</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Coincidental Cohesion</td>
<td>Module elements are unrelated</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Logical Cohesion</td>
<td>Elements perform similar activities as selected from outside module, i.e. by a flag that selects operation to perform. That is, body of function is one huge if-else/ switch on operation flag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Temporal Cohesion</td>
<td>Operations related only by general time performed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Procedural Cohesion</td>
<td>Elements involved in different but sequential activities, each on different data (usually could be trivially split into multiple modules along linear sequence boundaries)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Communicational Cohesion</td>
<td>Unrelated operations except need same data or input</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sequential Cohesion</td>
<td>Operations on same data in significant order; output from one function is input to next (pipeline)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Informational Cohesion</td>
<td>A module performs a number of actions, each with its own entry point, with independent code for each action, all performed on the same data structure. Essentially an implementation of an abstract data type</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Functional Cohesion</td>
<td>All elements contribute to a single, well-defined task, i.e. a function that performs exactly one operation</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01679861777256468622noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7652253.post-3874176899538946672011-10-23T09:56:00.002-04:002011-10-29T09:40:58.149-04:00Goodbye World!I am glad to have seen him in person even if in passing - he was a great inspiration to a C of developers.<br />
<br />
<pre>#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
/** Author: Dennis Ritchie */
/** You are expected to understand this */
printf("Goodbye World\n");
return 0;
}
</pre>
RIP Dennis Ritchie!<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Dennis_MacAlistair_Ritchie_.jpg/225px-Dennis_MacAlistair_Ritchie_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Dennis_MacAlistair_Ritchie_.jpg/225px-Dennis_MacAlistair_Ritchie_.jpg" /></a></div>
<code><br /></code>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01679861777256468622noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7652253.post-29321265854514651972011-10-05T21:29:00.001-04:002011-10-23T09:56:57.758-04:00Rest In Peace Steve Jobs!<blockquote>
Almost everything--all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure--these things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important. Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart. <br />
<b></b></blockquote>
<blockquote>
<b>Steve Jobs
</b></blockquote>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheATn6QF-A_D7kREXDVkPzs5TJzCYsof_v4qM-7H42KypiQ0_Ev1Z6DMjEkDu1O_ScvEe5cjPqtdOW8Qzar6MM9-6M0p3cYWm8IWu7o6JBx-1OflTBSusq06MAE4mV9acMOXL5Gg/s1600/SteveJobs.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="467" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheATn6QF-A_D7kREXDVkPzs5TJzCYsof_v4qM-7H42KypiQ0_Ev1Z6DMjEkDu1O_ScvEe5cjPqtdOW8Qzar6MM9-6M0p3cYWm8IWu7o6JBx-1OflTBSusq06MAE4mV9acMOXL5Gg/s640/SteveJobs.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
It's a sad day for American innovation and the Tech World - an icon has passed away - an icon who was a phoenix in the Tech world, who rose out of the ashes to become more powerful than what he was before.<br />
<br />
Much as I am not an iFan, I admire the creative genius and charisma that is Steve Jobs. It is rare to see charisma and genius combined into one package, and Steve Jobs was one of them. He was the man with the Midas touch over the last couple of decades with both Pixar and Apple - creating products and films that were blockbusters every single time.<br />
<br />
We salute you, Steve!Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01679861777256468622noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7652253.post-50598159293103356402011-09-19T22:53:00.002-04:002011-09-21T00:11:26.281-04:00Curse of KnowledgeIt's been a while since the last post - unfortunately blog updates is the first victim in a busy schedule.<br />
<br />
A few years back, I read the book <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Made-Stick-Ideas-Survive-Others/dp/1400064287/">Made to Stick by Chip and Dan Heath</a>. It's a very interesting book and the authors talk about how to make ideas stick in people's minds. The crux of the book is that in order for an idea to stick, it must have 6 elements - Simplicity, Unexpectedness, Concreteness, Credibility, Emotions, and Stories. More on that at a later date. In the course of the book, the authors also make a reference to something called the "Curse of Knowledge". While the idea has been around a while, this name stuck in my head.<br />
<br />
<iframe frameborder="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="http://rcm.amazon.com/e/cm?lt1=_blank&bc1=000000&IS2=1&bg1=FFFFFF&fc1=000000&lc1=0000FF&t=sathswebs-20&o=1&p=8&l=as4&m=amazon&f=ifr&ref=ss_til&asins=1400064287" style="height: 240px; width: 120px;"></iframe><br />
<br />
You might wonder - why is knowledge a curse? Isn't knowledge what every person and every organization trying to achieve? Wouldn't having more knowledge make one wiser and more blessed? Why would it be a curse then? Does it even make sense in a knowledge-oriented world?<br />
<br />
In this case, the reason why knowledge is a curse because once you learn something, it is difficult and in many cases, impossible to unlearn it, thereby making it harder for a knowledgeable person to explain how he/she gained the knowledge to a layman.<br />
<br />
If you think about it, this is a very profound issue and happens everyday in our lives. Once you know how to do something it's harder to explain it to others who have not yet been enlightened by the knowledge.<br />
<br />
Imagine trying to explain how a particular piece of code you've developed works to another developer, or how you came up with a specific design to a manager in non-technical terms. Remember the crappy documentation you've complained about time and again. Some cane be traced to laziness, but others can indeed be traced to the curse. It's very difficult for us to let go of the knowledge gain and revert back to a previous position - there is no "undo" button in life. <br />
<br />
Apart from making it difficult to communicate to others, the curse of knowledge has a number of other side effects as well. It fosters preconceived notions and sometimes makes it harder to see the facts as they are. As Sherlock Holmes said, "It is a capital mistake to theorize before one has facts. Inevitably, one tends to twist facts to suit theories instead of theories to suit facts" and sometimes having too much knowledge can make one do just that.<br />
<br />
Every curse typically has a remedy in stories. So, is there a remedy to break this curse? Not really because of the above mentioned lack of "undo" button! However, I feel there are a few ways in which the curse can be relaxed a bit - enough to carry on with our lives. Here's my quick list.<br />
<br />
<b>Put yourself in a child's shoes</b><br />
One of my favorite comic strips is Calvin and Hobbes - a true American classic. While each piece is a gem, my favorite is when <a href="http://www.s-anand.net/blog/calvin-and-hobbes-dad-explains-science/">Calvin's dad explains science</a> to him. Before you create a presentation or a document especially to a manager or a non-technical person, imagine how it would read from a child's perspective. In most cases, out will go all the acronyms, jargon, and assumptions you've made. This can be a great way to help simplify the message. This works even better on simpler things like email as well.<br />
<br />
<b>Imagine you are making a move out of it</b><br />
When directing a movie, you have to make sure it reaches all forms of audience - both elite and the non-elite (if you want to make big money, at least). That means your story has to be simple, crisp, and easy to digest. It can have a complex story as long as you are able to explain in a way the viewer can comprehend. Imagining that you are directing a movie on the message you want to tell can help you simplify your message and remove a lot of fluff that you'd have otherwise added because you just don't want to miss out on any detail and want to say anything and everything.<br />
<br />
<b>Develop an analogy from a completely different domain</b><br />
I have found this to be helpful in many places - try equating what you are trying to convey in a completely different field like say, music, or arts, or something seemingly unrelated. This is something that can come closest to the reversal of the curse. By trying to translate your known knowledge into an unknown domain, you are essentially putting yourself in the layman's shoe - in essence, reliving your lack of knowledge, which can be a great way to understand how the other person might perceive your information.<br />
<br />
One very pronounced area where the curse of knowledge is prevalent is in the blogosphere. After all, blogs are about sharing knowledge one has gained - be it a tip on a software, a book you've read, or a issue you faced. Providing enough context before conveying the message and easing the viewer into the message can go a long way in them empathizing with your view.<br />
<br />
<b>PS: A personal appeal </b><br />
I have seen this especially pronounced in blogs on Sanskrit or Hinduism, where in many cases, it's not a curse of knowledge but rather a 'brag' of knowledge. Eager viewers are turned off by generously sprinkled Sanskrit with no explanation whatsoever, breaking the flow of the message and distracting readers. It only takes a few more minutes to add an explanation - even in a footnote - on what the phrases mean to demystify the message. If you go through all the trouble to write a post, why not go just that extra mile to add some additional detail? After all, these messages are intended to last beyond the time when it's written - might as well make it stand-alone! I hope they break or at least relax the clutches of the curse and shed some more light.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01679861777256468622noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7652253.post-70640293461783279872011-02-24T18:55:00.000-05:002011-02-24T18:55:39.763-05:00Illustrated stories and an illustrious writerNo sooner than three days since I wrote my last post about the start of the 'death march' of my emotional relatives, the news came today of the demise of another illustrious member of that group - Mr. Anant Pai.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Ananta_Pai.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Ananta_Pai.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anant_Pai</td></tr>
</tbody></table>Most outside India (and sadly most inside either) may not have heard of Mr. Pai but he has been a driving force in the life of children in India over the last few decades. You see, Pai was the creator of a number of comic books in India, the most popular series of them being the <span id="goog_1065792803"></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amar_Chitra_Katha">Amar Chitra Katha<span id="goog_1065792804"></span></a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinkle">Tinkle</a>. The books were aimed at the 8 to 14 year old group, the key age where children start understanding the world and start shaping their moral character.<br />
<br />
The story of how Mr. Pai started his career in this field itself is fairly interesting. The story goes that <i>the idea behind starting a comic book series devoted to Indian culture and history came to Pai from a quiz contest aired on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doordarshan">Doordarshan</a> in February 1967, in which participants could easily answer questions pertaining to Greek mythology, but were unable to reply to the question "In the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana">Ramayana</a>, who was Rama's mother?</i>" Pai actually did something about this. He dipped into this huge treasure trove of the folklore both in India and elsewhere and converted the gems into pictorial stories in a way that could be easily digested by kids. His significant work in this field is probably the single biggest contribution in converting the traditional oral tradition of India into the more modern written format.<br />
<br />
I have spent countless hours during my childhood days devouring many of these stories. I was happy to see that after a lull these comics are being reprinted in India and are selling like hotcakes. It is not easy to convert a story into a pictorial form without losing its integrity. Pai was a master in doing this and his creations have been cherished over the years and am sure will remain in readers' memories for years to come.<br />
Interestingly, I am seeing the trend of visualization crossing the boundaries of 'kid magazines' and into the business world. Recent books like <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Back-Napkin-Expanded-Problems-Pictures/dp/1591843065?ie=UTF8&tag=sathswebs-20&link_code=btl&camp=213689&creative=392969" target="_blank">Back of the Napkin</a><img alt="" border="0" height="1" src="http://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=sathswebs-20&l=btl&camp=213689&creative=392969&o=1&a=1591843065" style="border: medium none ! important; margin: 0px ! important; padding: 0px ! important;" width="1" /> and <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Visual-Meetings-Graphics-Transform-Productivity/dp/0470601787?ie=UTF8&tag=sathswebs-20&link_code=btl&camp=213689&creative=392969" target="_blank">Visual Meetings</a><img alt="" border="0" height="1" src="http://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=sathswebs-20&l=btl&camp=213689&creative=392969&o=1&a=0470601787" style="border: medium none ! important; margin: 0px ! important; padding: 0px ! important;" width="1" /> are bringing this concept into the business world. It takes a lot of effort to simplify a complex concept and explain it elegantly. Being visual beings, we understand and process pictures much better than words, as we are naturally born to do so. One of my hopes is to master my visual craft further and do something in this space. If you have enjoyed reading comics - be it by Pai or others - and love the simplicity and expressive nature of the medium, I encourage you to read <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Making-Comics-Storytelling-Secrets-Graphic/dp/0060780940?ie=UTF8&tag=sathswebs-20&link_code=btl&camp=213689&creative=392969" target="_blank">Scott McCloud's Making Comics</a><img alt="" border="0" height="1" src="http://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=sathswebs-20&l=btl&camp=213689&creative=392969&o=1&a=0060780940" style="border: medium none ! important; margin: 0px ! important; padding: 0px ! important;" width="1" />, where he describes the art and science of this beautiful medium.<br />
<br />
In the meanwhile, the death march continues... My prayers for Mr. Pai and his family - for boldly going where no one dared to go and for preserving the treasures of the past for generations to come.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01679861777256468622noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7652253.post-57578726848318406012011-02-21T23:47:00.002-05:002011-02-24T18:28:54.957-05:00The 'Emotional' Death MarchNo - this has nothing to do with holocaust or any such historic event. Rather, this is something a lot more personal and something that I am sure each of us will experience at some point in time - typically coinciding with our mid-life crisis (give or take a few years).<br />
<br />
While what I am about to share with you is very topical, but I am sure you can relate with your own equivalent memories. With that in mind, read on.<br />
<br />
You probably have heard of Buddha's life story in one form or the other. The gist of the story is that he was a royal prince with all the riches in the world and shielded from the miseries of life. One day he steps out of his palace and sees people at varied stages in their life and comfort - the poor, the ill, and the dead. At this transformational moment, he leaves his worldly attachments in search for the meaning of life and eventually attains englightenment.<br />
<br />
While everyone is not necessarily a Buddha, I feel that we end up going through at least the first part of the story in our own way - the only difference being the Buddha and the rest is that we don't follow through - much like an amateur golfer and Phil Mickelson!<br />
<br />
Many of us start our lives in a fairly well shielded environment. We experience illness and death here and there, but most are distant enough that we are not too emotionally affected by those events. As we grow up, we build our own memories during school and college and eventually culminating at our work lives. However, it is during our mid-life (well mid to late thirties anyways) that we come face to face with transformational moments - and in most cases, they are not related to 'blood' relatives but rather 'emotional' relatives - ones that we grew up with emotionally.<br />
<br />
A classic case of such an emotional relative is John Lennon for those who grew up in the sixties and seventies listening to the Beatles and the impact that his death had on them.<br />
<br />
My transformational moment happened a few months back on hearing the news of the death of 'Sujatha' (aka Rangarajan) a well-known and well-respected author / script writer in India (especially Tamilnadu).<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/7e/Writer_Sujatha.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/7e/Writer_Sujatha.png" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Source: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sujatha_Rangarajan">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sujatha_Rangarajan</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>Sujatha, an engineer by work and author by hobby was an amazing influence on those who grew up during the eighties and nineties in Madras (now Chennai) in India. He had an amazing knack of making science fun and in writing O.Henry-esque stories with ease. He was extremely versatile in writing and had an amazing range of interests which he willingly and eagerly shared with his readers.<br />
<br />
He was one of the first 'emotional' relative that I lost and it was hard. I felt the inexplicable sinking, knot-in-the-stomach feeling when I read the news. It's when the reality of death struck me fairly strongly. I feel that these are the times when we come face to face with our own temporal existence and take a hard look at ourselves and what we have accomplished so far - probably the onset of mid-life crisis!<br />
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Recently, there was another such incident. While this 'emotional' relative - Malaysia Vasudevan, a popular singer in Tamil films in the eighties - was not as impactful as Sujatha, it did prompt me to write this article. It was not really due to my attachment with his songs but rather more due to one of the songs he sang and how it intersected with my life. You see, one of the more popular songs he sang (shown below), was shot in the auditorium of the school where I was studying during my junior high school days.<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/CQXmGk4x-bo?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><br />
My class was adjacent to the auditorium so much so that the auditorium air-vent-window was on one of the walls. As any kid would, we crowded around the window and peeped into the auditorium and watched the set being constructed and shot being taken with curiosity and awe!<br />
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I am sure this is just the beginning and there are many more 'emotional' relatives who are going to go beyond the horizon over the next few decades. The question is whether I will go in search of the truth like Buddha or let the events numb me and go back to getting immersed in TV - what do you think?!<br />
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If you have a moment, share your first 'emotional' relative whose passing affected you personally via a comment. If you don't have one yet, stop reading this blog and go on collecting more 'emotional' relatives - you still have time!<br />
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<b>Update: </b>After I published the post, I have been corrected rightly that the singer for the song above is K J Yesudas and not Malaysia Vasudevan. Interestingly, I ended up viewing the song as a 'related song' after listening to one of <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b9-7_rW9H28">Malaysia Vasudevan's songs</a> shared by my friend Bala - I guess my mind generalized the singers by then and just kept the emotional content :) <br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><object class="BLOGGER-youtube-video" classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0" data-thumbnail-src="http://3.gvt0.com/vi/b9-7_rW9H28/0.jpg" height="266" width="320"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/b9-7_rW9H28&fs=1&source=uds" /><param name="bgcolor" value="#FFFFFF" /><embed width="320" height="266" src="http://www.youtube.com/v/b9-7_rW9H28&fs=1&source=uds" type="application/x-shockwave-flash"></embed></object></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01679861777256468622noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7652253.post-12076168897111200402011-02-13T10:16:00.000-05:002011-02-13T10:16:52.178-05:00The Power of AbstractionAbstraction is a fairly powerful concept and one that is most used and abused pretty much everywhere, especially within the IT industry. It is difficult, if not impossible to sit in a meeting without hearing the word being used at least ones, mostly incorrectly. The usage is normally more incorrect as the level of the meeting attendees goes up ('pointy-haired boss' anyone?!)<br />
<br />
Surprisingly, abstraction is something our brains seem to be happy to handle. In fact, many a research has shown that the brain actually prefers abstraction a lot and uses it as a tool to reduce the amount of information that it needs to hold. One classic example is the Gestaldt diagram you might have seen elsewhere.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpt_cZmLzI-3zSGiH08t8YLFoOHMTTrdMKZUtiYryHvPOYAA-YofQCmYVO5wEd8PeJ4Wxvqf63Aj6kypfVkQhVHm1dfgSNx0fKxQvT7BGupE7vxGJ5Xdj9J9cnDvwCd9uvsxWvlw/s400/Gestalt+dog.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpt_cZmLzI-3zSGiH08t8YLFoOHMTTrdMKZUtiYryHvPOYAA-YofQCmYVO5wEd8PeJ4Wxvqf63Aj6kypfVkQhVHm1dfgSNx0fKxQvT7BGupE7vxGJ5Xdj9J9cnDvwCd9uvsxWvlw/s400/Gestalt+dog.gif" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Source: http://www.freshbrainz.com/2007_06_01_archive.html </td></tr>
</tbody></table>Sometimes it does not have to be complicated. Just a couple of strokes should be sufficient to recognize something, however abstract it may be.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Gandhi-icon.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="169" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Gandhi-icon.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Source: <a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gandhi-icon.jpg">Wiki Commons</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>Like any concept, abstraction can be used for the good or the bad, <i>or even something in between</i>.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.premisemarketing.com/images/uploads/ad_apple-ipod-advertisment.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://www.premisemarketing.com/images/uploads/ad_apple-ipod-advertisment.jpg" width="254" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Source: http://www.premisemarketing.com/blog/post/got-to-be-real1/</td></tr>
</tbody></table>I feel abstraction is quite helpful - it helps simplify things and help me understand the larger picture without having to know everything.<br />
<br />
Abstraction has also been used for a long time. Ancient Hindu scriptures used a form of literary abstraction named sutras (or aphorisms) that condensed the meaning of a complex philosophical concept into a few words. Most likely such a mechanism was utilized due to the oral tradition that existed back then - necessitating a condensed format that was easy to remember and pass on to future generations, with the explanation left to the teacher. Such abstractions are similar to some architecture diagrams that I see on a daily basis, generic, somewhat useful, but does not make much sense without someone being available to explain it properly (on the flip side, this has been conveniently been used by business analysts and architects to reuse generic frameworks or concepts pretty much everywhere without much thought to whether it makes sense or not). Proverbs and fables are other forms of literary abstractions that you might have heard in your childhood from your grandmother.<br />
<br />
However, abstractions cannot live alone. A good abstraction typically requires a supporting framework - a generic structure that can hold specifics. A classic example of a framework is the periodic table. Having a framework such as the table helped Mendelev find elements that had not even been discovered yet. A good framework - be it an architecture diagram or a process flow or a mind map can help identify gaps and help us move towards the 'right' state. <br />
<br />
However, increasingly of late I have been seeing the darker side of abstraction - abstraction used as a means for confusing people or even simplifying things to an extent where the abstraction does not even make sense. <br />
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One of the greatest and most recent examples of abstraction being used in the most evil manner is the near collapse of the US financial market. The financial elements that were involved in the financial collapse were highly abstract in nature - most involving three or four levels of abstraction, so much so that the investor had no clue what he was investing in.<br />
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Other similar examples can be found in politics elsewhere, such as the Spectrum Scandal in India where the amount of money involved is so huge and so far removed from the common man that people are numb to the extent of the scam or the seriousness of it all.<br />
<br />
On the other side, non-abstraction can also be equally bad. A great example is the US news media (which of late, is sadly being copied in emerging nations as well). This situation, perpetrated by the 24x7 news media, is where a simple concept that can be explained in 2 sentences is stretched out across the entire day or multiple days, providing so much redundant detail that the core issue is lost on the user. In most cases, even those who report the news get so bored that you hear them repeating the same questions over and over again, sometimes without even expecting an answer ("How do you feel about this?" "I am sure this is traumatic for you." "Did you feel bad?").<br />
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Hope this post was not too abstract for you to grab the idea - "Abstraction can be good or evil - use it for good."Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01679861777256468622noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7652253.post-2987654051075185342010-10-26T20:40:00.001-04:002010-10-26T21:35:25.576-04:00Book Clubs taken to a new level?With relatively little fanfare, Barnes & Noble, one of the largest bookstores in USA, released its new version of e-reader - Nook Color today. In the last post, I had mentioned how an e-reader experience does not come close to the real deal. At the same time, I mentioned that there are some areas (such as manuals and reference books) where an e-book can come in handy instead of having to lug around huge tomes. This is where the sweet spot for an e-reader to me is.<br />
<br />
As an avid reader, one of the biggest attractions to me after I came to USA was Barnes & Noble - the wide selection of books, resident coffee shop, and more importantly, the freedom to sit down and thumb through books at leisure. During my bachelor days, I used to sit down for hours over weekend (and at times during weeknights) in the company of books (geeky, I agree). As an IT professional, this was very helpful since I couldn't afford the breadth of books required to keep myself up to date. I used to do my bit of paying back by buying coffee, snacks, their yearly membership, and occasional bargain books I could afford.<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZYnuS5FkFi6KNenjYaIZc0TN-K4SHUejAgycJBUKNSMuPfba0Fx9mOzArrfXEYue6-UT3jniGYFjlztWTyqu4HRAQvxUg_dNTvrJA1fFAAeDpxAjhYlrBBkrKGwsr90JstPs7kA/s1600/barnes-and-noble-booksellers.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="156" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZYnuS5FkFi6KNenjYaIZc0TN-K4SHUejAgycJBUKNSMuPfba0Fx9mOzArrfXEYue6-UT3jniGYFjlztWTyqu4HRAQvxUg_dNTvrJA1fFAAeDpxAjhYlrBBkrKGwsr90JstPs7kA/s200/barnes-and-noble-booksellers.jpg" width="200" /></a><a href="http://topnews.us/images/Barnes-Noble_2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="http://topnews.us/images/Barnes-Noble_2.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>Eventually, Amazon came into being and B&N popularity declined, leading it to think about <a href="http://www.thestreet.com/story/10826084/1/barnes-noble-may-sell-company.html">putting itself on sale</a>. I have always felt that B&N missed a good opportunity by not capitalizing its brick and mortar stores and augmenting it with its online presence. In this era of instant gratification, it would have been nice to be able to order the book online at a price competitive with Amazon and be able to pick it up at the nearest store. I am sure that there are some pricing issues involved here, but it couldn't be any worse than losing the sale to Amazon!<br />
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Similar opportunities were missed when Amazon introduced Kindle and it took a while for B&N to get in the bandwagon with the Nook. Now, almost a year after the old Nook, B&N has announced the release of <a href="http://www.barnesandnoble.com/nookcolor/index.asp?cds2Pid=35607">Nook Color</a>, the successor to Nook. At the outset, this does not sound like a good idea - Nook Color is customized version of an Android Tablet. So, it does not have the advantages of an e-reader (e-ink) or that of a tablet (app store and flexible OS).<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://img1.imagesbn.com/pImages/nook/encore/overview/nookcolor/Meet_Nook_4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://img1.imagesbn.com/pImages/nook/encore/overview/nookcolor/Meet_Nook_4.jpg" width="138" /></a></div><br />
However, I think they do have two great ideas that compensates for the disadvantages - the Kids Store and the Social Networking angle. I personally am not a fan of putting kids books on an e-reader for the same reasons I had mentioned earlier - it does not carry the same emotions as that of a nice picture book held by you and your child. However, after having seen my nephews and nieces take to electronic gadgets so easily, I have reluctantly started accepting the harsher realities of life that the level of emotion attached to material things diminish as generations pass by. So, I think it is a clever move on B&N's part to introduce kiddie books on the Nook, something the Kindle and iPad have failed to capitalize.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://img1.imagesbn.com/pImages/nook/encore/features/details-e/encore_feature_details_kids_pod2_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="131" src="http://img1.imagesbn.com/pImages/nook/encore/features/details-e/encore_feature_details_kids_pod2_1.jpg" width="200" /></a><a href="http://img1.imagesbn.com/pImages/nook/encore/features/details-e/encore_feature_details_lendme_pod3_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="131" src="http://img1.imagesbn.com/pImages/nook/encore/features/details-e/encore_feature_details_lendme_pod3_1.jpg" width="200" /></a></div> The other major idea is bringing social networking to reading, at least more seamlessly. I love the idea that you can 'lend' books to other 'Nook'ies. Many a times I have read a nice book that I wanted to share with others but also know that they may not really want to buy it - lending is perfect in these situations. Not only it builds a nice community, but also promotes the purchase of Nooks within these circles - it gives a whole new dimension to a book club. I can envision Oprah giving out Nooks in her next Book Club meeting!<br />
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In addition, the Nook Color also seems to have the qualities that I personally look for in an e-reader / tablet: <br />
<ol><li>Display color</li>
<li>Render PDF files</li>
<li>Expandable memory via SD cards or equivalent</li>
<li>Additional features like music/video playback, a few games, and a web browser</li>
</ol>There is still a question of execution. As of this writing, Nook Color is still a few weeks away from being available and I am not sure how good the device itself is. Assuming that it is decent, I hope for Barnes & Noble's sake that this causes a real revolution and evolves e-reading beyond what Kindle and iPad have been able to do.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01679861777256468622noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7652253.post-52999360378376536432010-10-04T22:44:00.001-04:002010-10-06T16:05:20.234-04:00Ponniyin Selvan and the pleasure of reading non-ebooks<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponniyin_Selvan">Ponniyin Selvan</a> (The son of Ponni) is a historic fiction novel created around King Raja Raja Chola, one of the most prominent and arguably the greatest kings of South India (circa 1000 AD) by R Krishnamurthi (aka Kalki), a very well known author/publisher/freedom fighter. The novel is considered a masterpiece and is an immense pleasure to read, all 1000 and odd pages of it.<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="238" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHhxNZDdt2souhxnT-89vtPISS7tPiogK9sY3FVbvoAPd8Ih5Pgz78uHsyZP4-CUzz0rH99lwipTZ6A5qgj65UgApaBM3nroDZFdHYjHusF1qObFBUchQ3PB0fX2XeTX3zYQNG/s320/kalki.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="320" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br />
<b>Kalki (middle) shown in a depiction with the key characters of the novel</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHhxNZDdt2souhxnT-89vtPISS7tPiogK9sY3FVbvoAPd8Ih5Pgz78uHsyZP4-CUzz0rH99lwipTZ6A5qgj65UgApaBM3nroDZFdHYjHusF1qObFBUchQ3PB0fX2XeTX3zYQNG/s400/kalki.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div>Krishnamurthi was also known for his <a href="http://www.kalkiweekly.com/">weekly magazine Kalki</a> that he started in 1941, which ended up becoming his nickname as well. One of the huge selling points of the magazine was in fact, his novels that were published as a continuing story that would last for a few years. The magazine is still keeping that format in tact, even after seven decades in print.<br />
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One big pastime for subscribers of the magazine was to rip the pages containing the story to make the whole novel. This was before even buying books were a common occurrence. My grandfather had such a compilation of the story when it was published around 1970. As a kid, I read the story multiple times (all 1000 and odd pages) during my summer vacations at his house, mostly on the front porch on idyllic summer afternoons. Such was the simplicity of Kalki's writing that even a teen like me could easily understand such a complex story. The novel was so powerful that after I finished reading it, I would still be stuck in the eleventh century for a few days, and even wish that I were born then! <br />
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What was equally fun for me was not just the story itself but all the additional snippets that were captured as part of the compilation - tidbits, jokes, even advertisements from 30 years back - it was kind of Norman Rockwellesque in some sense in that they were temporal snapshots and took me back in time, most appropriate given I was reading a period novel. The faded and aged look of the pages added to the authenticity. To make things sweeter, the print was also accompanied by the original drawings of Maniam, Kalki's favorite artist, which were exquisite. <br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://kavirimainthan.files.wordpress.com/2008/09/ponniyin_selvan_volume_1.jpg?w=180&h=250" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://kavirimainthan.files.wordpress.com/2008/09/ponniyin_selvan_volume_1.jpg?w=180&h=250" /></a></div><br />
I could never bring myself to read the book in a published novel form, even though the story was the same. Somehow, the charm of reading that battered compilation of magazine articles was more authentic than reading a crisp, neatly printed novel, even if it had all other elements. I missed the ads, the 70s humor of <i>rettaival rangudu</i>, an impish boy and his antics scattered around in some of the pages, and occasional and completely outdated "<i>Did you know</i>" articles that were amusing.<br />
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As we progress in the publishing media and try to replace a mechanism that has stood strong for 400 odd years by e-books, I wonder if we will lose some of that authenticity and the ability of books to transfer us back in time not just by words, but also by the look and feel. After all, emotions are triggered by the senses and not just by the mind alone. The same novel in an e-book feels even more fake to me and I don't feel the attachment I felt when I read those bound pages. Somehow our books are becoming less personal and more mechanical - and I don't know if it's such a good idea.<br />
<br />
I would love to have an e-reader for a host of other reasons (for reading impersonal manuals, for example), but I feel that a printed book still has its rightful place - to cozy up to in bed, while on a porch, on a sandy beach, and for so many other places - it just feels right.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01679861777256468622noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7652253.post-5242825294105526182010-09-19T19:55:00.000-04:002010-09-19T19:55:37.740-04:00Comics and Presentation<iframe align="right" frameborder="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="http://rcm.amazon.com/e/cm?t=sathswebs-20&o=1&p=8&l=bpl&asins=0060780940&fc1=000000&IS2=1&lt1=_blank&m=amazon&lc1=0000FF&bc1=000000&bg1=FFFFFF&f=ifr" style="height: 245px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 5px; width: 131px;"></iframe>In the last post, I mentioned how I felt the concepts behind a comic (strip or book) to be very similar to those behind a business presentation, when I read <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Making-Comics-Storytelling-Secrets-Graphic/dp/0060780940?ie=UTF8&tag=sathswebs-20&link_code=btl&camp=213689&creative=392969" target="_blank">Scott McCloud's Making Comics</a><img alt="" border="0" height="1" src="http://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=sathswebs-20&l=btl&camp=213689&creative=392969&o=1&a=0060780940" style="border: medium none ! important; margin: 0px ! important; padding: 0px ! important;" width="1" /> book. I would like to expand on that.<br />
<br />
In his previous book <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Understanding-Comics-Invisible-Scott-Mccloud/dp/006097625X?ie=UTF8&tag=sathswebs-20&link_code=btl&camp=213689&creative=392969" target="_blank">Understanding Comics</a><img alt="" border="0" height="1" src="http://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=sathswebs-20&l=btl&camp=213689&creative=392969&o=1&a=006097625X" style="border: medium none ! important; margin: 0px ! important; padding: 0px ! important;" width="1" /> - now a classic pertaining to field of comics, Scott McCloud defines the term comics as <i>"Juxtaposed pictorial and other images in deliberate sequence, intended to convey information and/or produce an aesthetic response in the reader"</i>. It sounds a little academic. The crux of the definition is that comics is sequential art, where each frame is made of pictures and words to convey a message both individually and over the entire span. This definition fits equally well for presentations as well. After all, a presentation is nothing but a series of frames where each frame is normally made of words and pictures and conveys some information to the viewer.<br />
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It looks like I was not alone in seeing the similarity. When I did a bit of research before penning this blog, I found an <a href="http://www.sociablemedia.com/articles_mccloud.htm">interview by Scott McCloud</a> himself talking about this, as well as <a href="http://www.austinkleon.com/2008/05/13/for-successful-powerpoint-presentations-look-to-cartoonists/">others</a>.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="292" src="http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2074/2490043869_2693cc8000_o.gif" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="400" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Source: </b><a href="http://www.austinkleon.com/2008/05/13/for-successful-powerpoint-presentations-look-to-cartoonists/">Austin Kleon</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2074/2490043869_2693cc8000_o.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div>So, "What is the benefit?", you might ask. After all, comics is not necessarily associated with serious stuff - like pitch decks or lunch and learn sessions. It's supposed to be read & throw, right? Wrong. Think about this - which one have you felt is more engaging - comics or presentations? Which one has kept you on your toes, completely engaged, immersed? If the two share a number of common traits, then how come a comic is so interesting and a presentation is not? Is it just because of the relatively dry content of a presentation or is it something beyond that? After all, when we write a presentation, we don't start with the intent of boring people to do death, do we? What can we learn from the comic art that we have loved and apply to our presentations as well?<br />
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One easy and most common mistake that has been made over the years is the lack of pictures. And on occasions where there are indeed pictures, the compelling urge to drown it with words describing what the picture means.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://www.toothpastefordinner.com/113004/time-for-the-presentation.gif" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="323" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Source: </b><a href="http://blogs.uct.ac.za/blog/call-me-cassandra/2008/12/13/death-by-powerpoint-contd.">Call me Cassandra - Death by PowerPoint</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.toothpastefordinner.com/113004/time-for-the-presentation.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div>Let's take a look at what Scott says on things that makes a comic and things that makes it work. A clear, persuasive, and intense comic (and from here on, you can freely replace the word 'comic' with the word 'presentation') has the following components.<br />
<ol><li><b>Choice of moment: </b>Picking what moments in a story to include and what not to</li>
<li><b>Choice of frame: </b>Picking the right angle and distance. In short, the right viewpoint to provide the right emphasis</li>
<li><b>Choice of image: </b>Picking the right image at the right level of detail</li>
<li><b>Choice of words: </b>Picking the words that go with the image</li>
<li><b>Choice of flow: </b>Picking the order of the frames that guides the readers from start to end</li>
</ol>The same rules govern a presentation as well. I have seen numerous instances (and in early days, I have fallen prey to this as well), where the writer tends to include a few slides either because it looks cool, or because they spent hours searching the Internet to get it and just didn't want the effort to go to waste, even though it does not add to the story. This is where the Slide Sorter mode in PowerPoint comes in. It lets you take a look at all the slides at slightly higher level and let you figure which ones to keep and which to remove. Comic writers (or any writer for that matter) go through this phase, and so should a presenter, if the aim is to make the presentation crisp and to the point. <br />
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Similarly, the other aspects are equally important - picking the right bullets or emphasizing the right bullets to convey the message, picking the right images to add clarity to the text (or vice versa), and ordering the slides in such a way that it flows end to end in a cohesive manner.<br />
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Comic writers can tell you how much work goes to creating a newspaper comic strip or a full-fledged novel. It takes weeks of preparation and work to produce a comic that is typically devoured in 30 minutes or so. The same unfortunately, applies to a presentation as well. While it may not take a few weeks, it will at least take a few hours if not, a couple of days to refine a deck - but at the end of the day, if it gives the same level of immersion as a comic strip or a graphic novel, I think the effort spent is worth it. <br />
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He goes into a number of other details too long to mention in a simple blog entry, but definitely worth reading. Here's another example that pertains to the interaction between the words and pictures. Scott classifies the interaction into seven categories.<br />
<ol><li><b>Word-Specific: </b>Words provide the information with pictures accentuating what the words say</li>
<li><b>Picture-Specific: </b>Pictures provide the information with words accentuating what the pictures say</li>
<li><b>Duo-Specific: </b>Both words and pictures say the same thing (added emphasis)</li>
<li><b>Intersecting:</b> Both work together, but also provide information independently</li>
<li><b>Interdependent:</b> Both work to provide meaning, but neither will provide the information alone</li>
<li><b>Parallel: </b>Each provide seemingly differing message that do not seem to converge</li>
<li><b>Montage: </b>Words conveyed as pictures</li>
</ol>In your next presentation, see if you can spot these variations. While each has its own purpose in life, most often we tend to overuse a few of the categories and more often than not, use one in place of another, thereby resulting in a poor presentation as a whole. <br />
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I feel that a little extra effort and some understanding of the basics, even if not from the same field, can go a long way in making one's craft far more superior than where it currently is. I know I myself am not there yet, but hope to get there soon. After all, how awesome it will be if we can immerse our PowerPoint-viewing audience in the same way as a comics immerses a kid?Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01679861777256468622noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7652253.post-50949950812259077452010-09-19T12:45:00.000-04:002010-09-19T12:45:46.685-04:00Making Comics - A Review and a TeaserLast week, I read a very interesting book - <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Making-Comics-Storytelling-Secrets-Graphic/dp/0060780940?ie=UTF8&tag=sathswebs-20&link_code=btl&camp=213689&creative=392969" target="_blank">Making Comics by Scott McCloud</a><img alt="" border="0" height="1" src="http://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=sathswebs-20&l=btl&camp=213689&creative=392969&o=1&a=0060780940" style="border: medium none ! important; margin: 0px ! important; padding: 0px ! important;" width="1" />.<iframe align="right" frameborder="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="http://rcm.amazon.com/e/cm?t=sathswebs-20&o=1&p=8&l=bpl&asins=0060780940&fc1=000000&IS2=1&lt1=_blank&m=amazon&lc1=0000FF&bc1=000000&bg1=FFFFFF&f=ifr" style="height: 245px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 5px; width: 131px;"></iframe> The author, I later came to know, is also the one behind the <a href="http://www.google.com/googlebooks/chrome/">Google Chrome manual</a>, which caused quite a sensation when it came out. The book itself is written in a comic format, true to the message it conveyed. Like any typical comic book, this was very easy to read and to understand, even though it covered much heavier concepts.<br />
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As a kid, and probably like any other kid of my time, I enjoyed reading comics, and still do. In India, the concept of a 'lending library' is quite popular - it's akin to a video library (such as Blockbuster) but for books. You become a member by paying a nominal fee and can borrow books - anywhere from a few days to a couple of weeks depending on the nature of the book - for a fraction of the actual price of the book. I am still not exactly sure if it violated copyrights of the book (although the model is similar to video libraries - so I guess it's OK) but it did expose me to a wide range of books to which I would otherwise have not had access.<br />
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In fact, so much was my craze that whenever our family moved to a new city, the first thing I would do is become a member of the nearest lending library (sometimes three or four). The comics available in India were primarily European (Tintin, Asterix, and the like), American (Archie, Disney, and a few such as Mandrake and Phantom imported via Indrajal comics) and local flavors like Tinkle and Amar Chitra Katha (ACK).<br />
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Comics were always an interesting read, primarily because of the mix of visuals and text, which suited my level of concentration as a tween. It was short, to the point, and fun. When I came to US, I was disappointed to find that most European comics were simply not available. I don't know if it was because of the tendency in USA to distinguish themselves from Europe (manifested in a number of ways) or just plain preference, but all I could find in bookshelves were either Marvel Comics (---man, fill the blanks for any word) or super-contemporary ones that I did not get. Recently, Japanese comics (Manga) seems to be the only non-US genre that has broken this barrier, and that too in a big way.<br />
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Of late, I have been wondering why Indian comics has not blossomed beyond Tinkle and ACK despite access to a rich treasure of stories from generations past. One thing led to another, and I started exploring the world of comics - to understand what makes a comic instead of just reading them, which led me to the book in question.<br />
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One of the general dilemmas one has when looking for a book about writing is the credibility of the author. If I want to read a book about comics, I expect the book to be written by an established comic writer. Same for a book on movie direction or story writing. However, I feel that this is wrong. Not all teachers of an art are accomplished in their area of expertise or vice versa (accomplished persons may not be good teachers). Barring a few (like Richard Feynman on teaching itself, or Stephen King and Ray Bradbury on writing), these two don't tend to meet and that is no reason to discredit a person's work.<br />
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Frankly, I had not heard of Scott McCloud till I read this book. Regardless of whether he is an accomplished comic writer himself, he seems to have an excellent grasp of the theory behind writing comics. He breaks down the concepts behind a comic in a simple yet profound manner. My only pet peeve with this book, probably due to my background as mentioned earlier, is that the book focuses primarily on the genre of comics sold in USA (graphic novels, manga, and contemporary comics) and skips almost entirely the European style of comics. I wish he had at least dedicated a chapter on it, given that it shaped the thoughts of the world outside USA.<br />
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Interestingly, as I got deeper into the book, I found myself increasingly comparing the concepts behind a comic book to those behind developing business presentations. Stretching it a little, I feel that some may even extend to the area of User Interface and User Experience.<br />
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I will expand on this correlation between comics and presentations in my next blog (hence the teaser part). In the meanwhile, if you are curious enough, I would definitely recommend picking up the book from your friendly neighborhood bookstore. It's an easy, fun, and thought provoking read. If you are more interested in knowing Scott McCloud a bit more, you can also view <a href="http://www.ted.com/talks/scott_mccloud_on_comics.html">his TED presentation on comics</a>.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01679861777256468622noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7652253.post-90576957863688708312010-09-13T23:10:00.001-04:002010-09-14T10:01:49.258-04:00Sandhi GaneshaYesterday was Lord Ganesha (Elephant God in Hinduism)'s day. In India, Ganesha is also known as a knowledge provider. He is purported to have written the Mahabharata under Saint Vyasa's direction.<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://triangulations.files.wordpress.com/2010/01/ganesh_vyasa.jpg?w=350&h=307vvvvvv" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="280" src="http://triangulations.files.wordpress.com/2010/01/ganesh_vyasa.jpg?w=350&h=307vvvvvv" width="320" /></a></div><br />
As kids, it was absolutely crucial for us to worship Ganesha before any exam and most importantly Mathematics (not really sure why). The more devout, such as those who desperately need to pass the exam, would break anywhere from 1 to 108 coconuts (Ganesha's favorite) depending on the strength of their hand and wallet.<br />
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Unlike most Gods, it is never too difficult to find a Ganesha idol for worship in India - especially South India. There is pretty much an unwritten rule that if there is a 'T' junction, there MUST be a small Ganesha statue in that corner facing the street. In most cases, the house forming the broader side of the T ensures this. Some such Ganeshas tend to become more popular and eventually transform into a bigger shrine with proper worship. There used to be one on the way to school which I used to visit regularly. I don't know if it helped me study better, but it at least improved my confidence!<br />
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The Sanskrit word for junction is 'sandhi'. While sandhis refer to street junctions, they also refer to conjunctions within the language such as one that is formed by combining two words together.<br />
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While English does not have too many sandhis (may with the exception of I'd, We'd, aren't, etc.), I believe the underlying Latin does use it liberally, giving rise to many English terms. In Sanskrit, sandhis are used all over the place - for poetic, aesthetic, and probably egoistic reasons as well (for the poet to show his language prowess).<br />
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The downside with sandhis in Sanskrit is that depending on how the word is split by the reader, it can give a completely different meaning, which has led to a number of interpretations for almost every Sanskrit text ever created!<br />
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My grandfather used to give us a very hilarious example to highlight the importance of understanding the rules of splitting the terms to get the right meaning, and interestingly, it involves a verse praising Ganesha, the king of sandhis.<br />
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गजाननं भूतगणादि सेवितं कपित्व जम्बू फलसारभक्षितं ।<br />
उमासुतं शोकविनासकारणं नमामि विघ्नेश्वर पाद पङ्कजं ॥<br />
It translates as follows:<br />
GajAnanam: O Elephant Lord<br />
Bhootaganaathi Sevitham: Worshipped by the disciples of Shiva (bhoota ganas)<br />
Kapitva Jambu PalasAra Bhakshitam: Likes fruits such as Elephant Apple (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dillenia_indica">Kapit</a>) and Black Plum (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jambul">Jambul</a>)<br />
Umasutam: Is with Uma (Parvati) - wife of Shiva and mother of Ganesha<br />
Shoka vinAsha kAranam: Reason for destroying all sadness for his devotees<br />
Namami vigneshwara pAda pankajam: I surrender to your feet soft as lotus petals<br />
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Now, my grandfather's version is slightly different - the words are the same but they are just split differently<br />
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गजानानाम्बू धगनादी सेवितं<br />
कपित्वजम्बू पलासराबक्षितम<br />
उमासु तमसो कविनाशाकारानाम<br />
नमामि विग्नेश्वर पाद पंकजम<br />
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The translation now becomes this:<br />
gajAnanambu: One who wears an elephant flower (bu -> phoo -> flower in Tamil)<br />
daganAdi sevitam: Burns all those who worship him<br />
kapitva jambu: Jumps like a monkey (kapi = monkey)<br />
palasAra bakshitam: Devours all snacks given to him<br />
umAsu: Brought bad name to Uma (Parvati)<br />
tamSo: (I forgot what this one was - nothing pleasant I can assure you!)<br />
kavinAshakAranam: Responsible for the demise of all poets who sing his praise<br />
namami vigneshwara pAda pankajam: I worship one with such qualities!<br />
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Same words, but completely different meaning! It goes to show the importance of learning something properly and understanding the intended meaning and not a screwed up interpretation - something current religious scholars who (mis)interpret the original intention of various religious texts without putting it in context need to desperately learn!<br />
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Hope Lord Ganesha gives them such strength :)Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01679861777256468622noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7652253.post-37124028744932950922010-09-13T21:46:00.000-04:002010-09-13T21:46:47.836-04:00Having your cake ... and eating it too! 3 Operating Systems in 1It's very hard to have your cake and eat it too, so to speak - but not in the case of Operating Systems! A while back, I had blogged about Ubuntu and how it is as good, if not better than Windows for everyday use.<br />
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While Ubuntu (10.04) has served me well as a server, it still had its issues in terms of general user acceptability. After all, everyone is so used to the Windows look and feel that it is hard for them to see a slimmer version with better functionality. Mac as always has its fans for its cool docking bar at the bottom and the jumping icons, but the rest of the OS is not necessarily useful, save for the artistically inclined.<br />
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But what if there is something that has the best of all three worlds? Wouldn't it be cool? For years, Mac users on Windows have used different themes to make Windows look like a Mac. I don't think the reverse is true - for that matter, I am not even sure if there are themes for Mac. In any case, beauty is only skin deep and what counts is the stuff within. However, no one said no to a good looking skin on a good looking body, right?!<br />
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Enter a few additions to Ubuntu that makes it not only look like Mac but also like Windows, at the same time! And you can do this three simple steps.<br />
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<ol><li>Install the latest Ubuntu (10.04)</li>
<li>Install Awn (Avant Window Navigator) via Ubuntu Software Center. This will add the very nice Mac Dockbar with all its features</li>
<li>Install <a href="http://gnome-look.org/content/show.php?content=113264&forumpage=43&PHPSESSID=0afb44c3f8f23c23144363d0ff2afb96">Win2-7 pack from Gnomelook.org</a>. This will completely change the theme of Ubuntu to make it look exactly like Windows 7!</li>
</ol>Normally with Windows, most themes hog memory like crazy and slow the system down, but thanks to Ubuntu's underlying sound architecture, there seems to be barely an effect on the system performance with this theme.<br />
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Who says I can't have my cake and eat it too?!Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01679861777256468622noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7652253.post-37335513256925213412010-08-15T10:30:00.002-04:002010-08-16T11:16:16.196-04:00Independence from our actionsToday is India's day of independence from the British rule in 1947, paving way for India to become the largest democracy in the world. News sites and TV channels in India have been running 'specials' about the Independence a few days before things get back to status quo. While India has achieved independence from external influences, I don't think we can achieve full independence till we are free of our own actions and behaviors. Let me explain.<br />
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Yesterday, I attended a function in a temple here in USA. The preparation for the function was excellent complete with a very artistically done <i>rangoli</i> (an art made of colored powder, typically made of rice flour, turmeric, or other such ingredients). As with many other temples, photography and videography using any device is prohibited in the main area and numerous warning signs/requests are posted all around.<br />
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Even with all this, I still saw one person (at least) who was busy taking pictures of both the art as well as the rest of the temple (including the main deity). While she did stop taking the pictures when the signs (that were quite obvious) were pointed out to her, it made me wonder why she did it in the first place.<br />
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The argument I can imagine coming from her is - "The art is very beautiful. I may not be coming here any time soon. So I want to capture it for my personal reference" - the argument is not unlike one made when downloading a song from a file share site. "What is the harm if I do something just for my own sake?"<br />
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In the book <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Diffusion-Innovations-5th-Everett-Rogers/dp/0743222091?ie=UTF8&tag=sathswebs-20&link_code=btl&camp=213689&creative=392969" target="_blank">Diffusion of Innovations</a><img alt="" border="0" height="1" src="http://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=sathswebs-20&l=btl&camp=213689&creative=392969&o=1&a=0743222091" style="border: medium none ! important; margin: 0px ! important; padding: 0px ! important;" width="1" />, the author refers to this argument as the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedy_of_the_commons">"Tragedy of Commons", attributed to Garrett Hardin</a>. The core of the dilemma is "Each individual pursuing a rational course of behavior that ironically drives the entire system to disaster", which to me, is what is ailing India at this point - the notion that our small actions will not have an impact on the greater system. Such behavior is obvious in various strata of life - be it giving a small bribe to the traffic cop when making an illegal move, not adhering to the posted rules, or improperly disposing trash, and so on. While it is true that the tragedy of commons is a complex solution that involves both system-level corrective actions as well as individual, there are some steps that can be taken without resorting to a system blame.<br />
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To me, when someone violates simple rules that can otherwise be observed without significant ramnifications for purely selfish reasons, they lose all rights to complain about the larger system, since they are effectively contributing to the larger system's downfall in their own capacity. <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Tipping-Point-Little-Things-Difference/dp/0316346624?ie=UTF8&tag=sathswebs-20&link_code=btl&camp=213689&creative=392969" target="_blank">Malcolm Gladwell in his book Tipping Point</a><img alt="" border="0" height="1" src="http://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=sathswebs-20&l=btl&camp=213689&creative=392969&o=1&a=0316346624" style="border: medium none ! important; margin: 0px ! important; padding: 0px ! important;" width="1" />, refers to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broken_windows_theory">broken windows theory</a> - if a window is broken in a house and not repaired, it slowly propagates a level of carelessness or apathy within the system that eventually makes the whole neighborhood look rundown. This is especially very visible in India in the form of street litter, to take one example.<br />
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What it seems is required is not just freedom from external influences, but really freedom from our own internal actions - be it adhering to a "No Photography" sign in a temple or doing what it takes to get our work done without succumbing to bribery. The "Tragedy of Commons" can also be turned around in its head to become <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Wisdom-Crowds-James-Surowiecki/dp/0385721706?ie=UTF8&tag=sathswebs-20&link_code=btl&camp=213689&creative=392969" target="_blank">"Wisdom of Crowds"</a><img alt="" border="0" height="1" src="http://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=sathswebs-20&l=btl&camp=213689&creative=392969&o=1&a=0385721706" style="border: medium none ! important; margin: 0px ! important; padding: 0px ! important;" width="1" /> - if each of us adhere to rules as much as we can (and as much as it makes sense), we can help make the system better - eventually. <br />
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As they say, "charity begins at home". <br />
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Independence is about hope - hope for a better life and a better world - let's hope that we achieve independence, not just from external actions, but also those of our own that are not desirable.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01679861777256468622noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7652253.post-74074552688510331802010-08-09T22:18:00.002-04:002010-08-12T11:09:50.518-04:00Will we ever be alone with our thoughts again?For the last few weeks, I have been heads-down reading a book I had abandoned half way through a few years back. A classic in its field, the book is called <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Diffusion-Innovations-5th-Everett-Rogers/dp/0743222091?ie=UTF8&tag=sathswebs-20&link_code=btl&camp=213689&creative=392969" target="_blank">Diffusion of Innovations</a><img alt="" border="0" height="1" src="http://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=sathswebs-20&l=btl&camp=213689&creative=392969&o=1&a=0743222091" style="border: medium none ! important; margin: 0px ! important; padding: 0px ! important;" width="1" />, a book that I think I came across through a citation in the more popular <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Tipping-Point-Little-Things-Difference/dp/0316346624?ie=UTF8&tag=sathswebs-20&link_code=btl&camp=213689&creative=392969" target="_blank">Tipping Point by Malcolm Gladwell</a><img alt="" border="0" height="1" src="http://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=sathswebs-20&l=btl&camp=213689&creative=392969&o=1&a=0316346624" style="border: medium none ! important; margin: 0px ! important; padding: 0px ! important;" width="1" />. I am glad I picked up the book and more importantly, was able to finally finish reading it! I gained some very interesting insights which I hope to share with you in the upcoming posts.<br />
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In the meanwhile, as part of my daily browsing ritual, I came across <a href="http://gizmodo.com/5608458/im-blogging-from-my-shower">this interesting article in Gizmodo</a>. Needless to say, the picture was a huge incentive for me to click through the article although it had very little to do with the post itself (clever marketing ploy, I must admit!) What kept me reading through the article however, like any movie with a flashy promotion, the content itself, which resonated strongly with me.<br />
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Back in the days when technology was a luxury rather than part of life, I used to spend (and probably so did you) generally daydreaming or just plain lost in thoughts. Some of my fond memories of childhood involved creating stuff out of clay with my cousin, inventing new games, or just lying down under the shade of a tree for hours. However, of late, my every spare minute is mostly consumed with checking Facebook, Blackberry, or browsing aimlessly though I know that there is nothing to check and there is no new message that is life-threatening.<br />
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While I don't think I have degraded to the extremes mentioned in the article, I have been guilty of sneaking a glance at my Blackberry while at a signal, walking from the car to the store, or checking for messages that are not there when the person I am with is on another call or simply stepped out for a minute.<br />
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As much as the new age of connectivity is trying to bring people together, I think it is also prying us apart from our inner thoughts, which I don't think is a good thing. As <a href="http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/eng/elizabeth_gilbert_on_genius.html">Elizabeth Gilbert said in her TED talk</a>, sometimes inspiration comes in waves and to me it's many times when you are lost in thought or even just alone. By letting the waves pass us by because we are already consumed with the Pavlovian pings of the Blackberry, I think we lose golden opportunities to get innovative and get in touch with ourselves and wonder if we, or our future generations will slowly start losing this process of thinking long term and instead get lost in the then and the now. <br />
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While I can hear my wife saying "I told you so" behind my back, I think it is important to take some time out and just be lost in our thoughts so that we can find ourselves once again.<br />
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In the end, I want to leave you with one image from my favorite artist, that sums up the feeling.<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://24.media.tumblr.com/AZbZfR2uZpy4u598twVTjzlAo1_500.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="372" src="http://24.media.tumblr.com/AZbZfR2uZpy4u598twVTjzlAo1_500.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01679861777256468622noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7652253.post-83248036056520334782010-07-14T23:16:00.003-04:002010-07-14T23:16:33.560-04:00Tweaking thought-less designsBad design usually sticks like a sore thumb. By design, I am not talking about IT-centric designs such as user interfaces for Blackberry, iPhone, etc. I am talking about design that is a part of what we interact with in our everyday lives - beds, sofas, doors, streets, and so on. Every element that we interact was designed by someone, for good for bad. Bad designs are easy to find, such as narrow streets, buildings with only one exit, etc.<br />
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However, design that is not so bad but at the same time could be better is not easy to find. It is more like an irritant. We know that something is wrong, but we can't quite place it. It may gnaw our minds for the few minutes before and after we interact with it and goes away till we interact with the same piece again. Recently, I came across such a design that prompted me to write this post. Now, I am not really ranting about the design (although blogs are rants in most cases). Instead, I am posting this to see if any of you who come over here have experienced such nagging as well and hopefully knowing that the nag has a reason may help you be more at peach - a noble goal indeed!<br />
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The design in question is simple - a restroom. Rather, the sign to a restroom. The picture below is the corridor in my office building that I rarely visit. By looking at it (the viewpoint from when you get into the corridor), can you figure out where the restroom is?<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.cssathya.com/images/blog/corridor-restroom.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://www.cssathya.com/images/blog/corridor-restroom.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><br />
I had the same issue. While thankfully I was not in a hurry to reach the said destination, it did take me a wrong turn and some careful looking on either side to find the right place (the different gender rooms are on either side of the entrance). Of course, there is a nice little universal sign in front of the door that indicates my destination. However, I could not see it until I was right in front of the door.<br />
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While this design is in general adequate and acceptable, it could have been made a lot better with just a simple tweak - make the sign perpendicular to the door so that it sticks out in the corridor (probably near the ceiling so that it does not hit someone in the face). This way, it will be fairly easy for someone to know where the restroom is without having to look at each and every door! It does not really cost much to make this change, but can make a difference in simple comfort.<br />
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Another example I have seen is the way doors swing in a cafeteria. For example, it's probably more useful to set up the doors such that you push when getting out of the cafeteria and pull when you are going in. This way, if you have your hands full with food, you just push the door. However, I have seen this being done the other way.<br />
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I am sure if we look into the software we write or use everyday, such simple to fix issues can be found in many places that only required a little extra effort to make a difference. Some good books to read in this regard are <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Universal-Principles-Design-William-Lidwell/dp/1592530079?ie=UTF8&tag=sathswebs-20&link_code=btl&camp=213689&creative=392969" target="_blank">The Universal Principles of Design</a><img alt="" border="0" height="1" src="http://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=sathswebs-20&l=btl&camp=213689&creative=392969&o=1&a=1592530079" style="border: medium none ! important; margin: 0px ! important; padding: 0px ! important;" width="1" /> and <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Design-Everyday-Things-Donald-Norman/dp/0465067107?ie=UTF8&tag=sathswebs-20&link_code=btl&camp=213689&creative=392969" target="_blank">The Design of Everyday Things</a><img alt="" border="0" height="1" src="http://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=sathswebs-20&l=btl&camp=213689&creative=392969&o=1&a=0465067107" style="border: medium none ! important; margin: 0px ! important; padding: 0px ! important;" width="1" />. Hopefully it helps in increasing your attention to detail. It definitely helped for me.<br />
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Can you think of such minor annoyances for which you could see some simple fixes that would make just the difference required? Please post a comment.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01679861777256468622noreply@blogger.com4